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Issue 2012/3

© EXARC, 2012; ISSN: 2212-8956; Publishing date: September 15, 2012

Before you stands third online issue of the EXARC Journal. It is divided in three sections. There are two peer-reviewed sections covering ARCHAEOLOGICAL OPEN-AIR MUSEUM and EXPERIMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY which are available to EXARC Members only. However in this issue we have as well republished the proceedings of the 1999 workshop on the experimental and educational aspects of bronze metallurgy, those articles are also open to all. The third section is open to all as well and is called MIXED MATTERS.

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Experimental Archaeology

Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop, republished

Issue 2012/3
Experimental Archaeology
In 1999, at the Dutch archaeological education centre Wilhelminaoord, an international workshop took place, with a focus on the experimental and educational aspects of bronze metallurgy. The proceedings, containing eight articles, have been republished by EXARC.

Scandinavian Iron Age and Early Medieval Ceramic Moulds - Lost Wax or Not or Both?

Anders Söderberg (SE)
Issue 2012/3
Experimental Archaeology
1999 Wilhelminaoord Workshop
***Since the 1940´s we have had a discussion in Scandinavia concerning ancient mould-making methods. The question of different methods in the production of ceramic moulds has taken a large part in these discussions; by lost wax or by direct matrix-methods.

How Metallographic Examinations can Give the Forming Process of Metal Artefacts? The Example of the Hoard Of Farébersviller

Cécile Veber,
Michel Pernot (FR)
Issue 2012/3
Experimental Archaeology
1999 Wilhelminaoord Workshop
***The hoard of Farébersviller (Moselle, France) was discovered in 1991 during rescue excavations (See Image above). This set contains 130 "bronze" artifacts, which date to the Late Bronze Age (8th century BC).

Historical Techniques: Cold Gilding

Michiel Langeveld (NL)
Issue 2012/3
Experimental Archaeology
1999 Wilhelminaoord Workshop
***An historal technique of goldplating, described in 18th century literature, was reproduced. This cold-plating technique uses salts of gold, produced by dissolving gold in aqua regia. these salts are then rubbed onto a silver surfaces.

Precision Lost Wax Casting

Nigel Meeks (UK),
Caroline Tulp (NL) and
Anders Söderberg (SE)
Issue 2012/3
Experimental Archaeology
1999 Wilhelminaoord Workshop
***The limits of precision casting were explored experimentally at the Bronze Casting Workshop at Wilhelminaoord, the Netherlands, by making wax models, moulds and lost wax castings using essentially early metalworking conditions. Geometrically patterned models of Dark Age type dies were used to make wax patterns to simulate one of...

The Experimental Reconstruction in Bronze of a Merovingian Treasure Box from Sixth Century A.D.

Frank Willer (DE)
Issue 2012/3
Experimental Archaeology
1999 Wilhelminaoord Workshop
***Considerations about a lost ancient fabrication technique of bronze attachements from a merowingian treasure box pointed out that practical experiments had to be done to reconstruct the cast and coldwork. A self made oven and mould sould help to create a realistic situation of a merowingian workshop.

From the Object to the Mould: Is there a Connection between Microstructure of a Cast Bronze Object and its Mould Material Used?

Emanuela Jochum Zimmerman,
Nina Künzler Wagner and
Stefanie Osimitz (CH)
Issue 2012/3
Experimental Archaeology
1999 Wilhelminaoord Workshop
***The question studied within the framework of the Wilhelminaoord Workshop was: In which way the mould material does influence the cast structure of a bronze object? For this, casts in two different mould materials (clay and soapstone) were carried out. The 10% tin bronze was cast at about 1100°C into slightly preheated moulds.

Producing Silver Sheet According to Cellini

Martin Damsma (NL)
Issue 2012/3
Experimental Archaeology
1999 Wilhelminaoord Workshop
***During a short internship in The Hagues Municipal Museum, I noticed some blisters in a seventeenth century V.O.C.-dish. I thought they were gas bubbles which might have been introduced in the material during coagulation. When hammering to sheet the bubbles would take the shape of blisters which would turn visible during annealing.

Ancient Repairs on Bronze Objects

Renske Dooijes (NL)
Issue 2012/3
Experimental Archaeology
1999 Wilhelminaoord Workshop
***Bronze objects can be damaged in many ways, for example during casting or during their time of use. Often this damage was repaired using various techniques. In this paper, some examples of ancient repairs and their techniques are described and illustrated with examples published in the literature.

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This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication [communication] reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

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